Abstract
Music has existed for as long as humanity has. From the primitive rhythms of drums and stone flutes in ancient times to today’s complex symphonies or catchy, familiar tunes, music has always been an essential part of the human spirit and cultural life. We can easily perceive and distinguish musical notes with our hearing, but have you ever wondered: How do we truly know when a note is in tune? Is it merely based on human perception? In this article, we’ll explore the physical and mathematical foundations behind the music we know and love, and take a closer look at the Pythagorean tuning system — the earliest documented tuning method in human history, which laid the groundwork for the later development of Western music
